Flexibility versus control in the design of Product-Service Systems (Grip) is about how designers achieve a balance between flexibility and control when designing PSS, leading to the creation of effective and socially responsible value for users and other stakeholders.

When designing from a system perspective, the creative control of design is structurally lower than in product design. The designers have to deal with complex, dynamic environments and need to negotiate decisions with a range of stakeholders. The PSS development process is less formalized and is characterized by a high level of co-creation and co-production. Designers need to strike the right balance between flexibility and control when working together with other creators, whilst remaining sensitive to the needs of development partners and end-users.

The Research Associate who works on this project is Mike Thompson